"RFID Architecture Strategy"

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"Consequently, enterprise-scale Solution Design and Integration are emerging as key areas in RFID deployments. To realize the potential of RFID, enterprises must have an RFID Architecture strategy that integrates data from the hardware layer with existing systems."
Source : Infosys Technologies

Resources Related to RFID Architecture Strategy:

• Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) (Wikipedia)

RFID Architecture Strategy

Architecture Strategy is also known as : Application Architecture Strategy, Architecture Design Strategies, Architecture Marketing Strategies, Brand Architecture Strategy, Data Architecture Strategy, Enterprise Architecture Strategy, Application Architecture Strategy, Information Architecture Strategy, Architecture Business Strategy, Management Strategies Architecture, Network Architecture Strategy, Product Strategy Architecture, Strategy Architecture Key, Architecture Strategy Transformation, Strategy Architecture Practice, Strategy Architecture Success, Measurement Architecture Strategy, Architecture Design Strategy, Brand Architecture Strategy, Architecture Strategy Resources, Architecture Federation Strategy, Architecture Transition Strategy, Computing Architecture Strategy, Serviceoriented Architecture Strategy, Business Strategy Architecture, Technology Strategy Architecture, Website Architecture Strategy, Architecture Strategy Security, Advanced Access Architecture Strategy, Global Architecture Strategy, Tuning Architecture Strategy, Architecture Strategy Consultancy, Aggressive Architecture Strategy, Open Architecture Strategy, Objective Architecture Strategy, Visible Architecture Strategy, Oriented Architecture Strategy.

Executive Summary

Early Adopters of RFID are beginning to look beyond proof of concept pilots and field trials. Enterprise scale Solution Design and Integration are emerging as key focus areas. Key to success in both of them is the architecture for integrating data from the RFID hardware layer with a multitude of Enterprise Systems. A Large Enterprise piloting RFID in multiple global sites is recognizing the limitations of a traditional Enterprise scale Application Server in performing RFID Middleware functions. A European Specialty Retailer seeking to adopt RFID is grappling with the cost of ownership implications of Point Solutions for RFID integration. Both of these Enterprises are recognizing the need for a RFID Architecture Strategy.

This document presents Infosys views on a optimal RFID Architecture Strategy Approach for Enterprises based on lessons learnt from Early Adopters and Infosys experience in providing Real Time Control and Data Acquisition Solutions in the Telecom and Process Control Industries.

Pitfalls and Lessons Learnt from Early Adopter Pilots

A common refrain across Early Adopter Pilots is that RFID Applications are quite unlike I.T. Applications that have been traditionally implemented within Enterprises. The contact-less communication between the tags and readers and its sensitivity to the physical environment together adds a new dimension. Enterprises are evolving implementation strategies mindful of the many challenges posed by RFID across layers.

Business Process Transformation

Early Adopters are recognizing that the value of RFID lies in operational efficiencies resulting from changes in business processes. These Enterprises continue to be challenged however in determining how processes can be improved in a RFID enabled enterprise.

Data Collection

Early Adopters especially those with Global Deployments are grappling with the question of which Technology/Vendor to bet on. They are recognizing that choosing of RFID Tags and Readers is dependent on multiple variables. These Enterprises recognize the strategic nature of the technology and design decisions to be made in this layer and are evolving vendor selection strategies balancing the below considerations:

• Geographic spectrum and power regulations
• Multiplicity of air interface protocols
• Standards based Interoperability across vendors
• 3rd party certifications for standards compliance
• Maturity and failure rates of vendor specific products
• Protocol performance benchmarks for vendor specific products
• Packaging material modification challenges and costs
• Security and Privacy Policies and Commitments
• Financial viability of vendors

Early Adopters are also recognizing that vendor selection needs to factor how business processes will be changed to leverage the technology.

Networking Infrastructure

Early Adopters are waking up to the heterogeneity in Reader Networking and the manageability and administration challenges associated with it.

Most Readers do not have out of the box Ethernet or wireless interfaces but instead rely on serial interfaces which terminate in an additional piece of hardware called a Controller. This heterogeneity in the network layer poses challenges ranging from mundane cabling issues to complex security and network management issues.

Integration and Management

• As Early Adopters of RFID look beyond proof of concept pilots and field trials, they are finding enterprise scale solution design and integration to be unanticipated roadblocks.
• For instance, a large US-based Enterprise piloting RFID in multiple global sites is recognizing the limitations of a traditional Enterprise scale Application Server in performing RFID Middleware functions. An early challenge faced by this Enterprise was to address the issue of software integration with RFID Readers for data acquisition. Faced with an immature and evolving RFID Software Integration market, this Enterprise adopted a more cautious approach by relying on a traditional Enterprise Application Server and Database based solution for RFID Integration. However, during the course of Pilots and Field Trials, the Enterprise discovered the limitations of the RFID Integration Solution based on a traditional approach. Specifically, it found that the traditional solution did not effectively address the question of how to filter data to identify and process only RFID "events" of business significance- something that is crucial to preventing a deluge of irrelevant data. As a result of this shortcoming, this Enterprise was unable to interpret the data from the Field Trials accurately and hence was limited in its ability to meaningfully use the data for business advantage. Further, it adversely impacted the Enterprises efforts to develop the business case for RFID
• Similarly, a European specialty retailer seeking to adopt RFID is grappling with the cost of ownership implications of Point Solutions for RFID integration. Being Europe-based, this Retailer had a different set of challenges to deal with, ranging from proprietary RFID reader interfaces to country-specific data exchange standards. Having recently enhanced its Warehouse Management System with event driven workflow capabilities, this Retailer was keen to integrate RFID with the enhanced WMS rather than deploy a point solution. This Retailer wanted an RFID Integration Solution that performed minimal filtering and formatting to forward RFID data encoded in events well understood by the Warehouse Management System, thus fully leveraging its investment in the WMS while ensuring a minimal impact on its business users. With this objective, the Retailer scouted the nascent RFID middleware market for an RFID integration solution that would fully integrate with its WMS and ensure a low TCO. The Retailer soon discovered, though, that most RFID middleware products adopt a point solution approach that forces replication of information between the WMS and the RFID middleware. Not only did this increase management overheads and the potential for discrepancies and inconsistencies, it also did not deliver the lower TCO expected.

Both these Enterprises now recognize the need for an RFID Architecture Strategy that will enable flexibility while not compromising on performance. Key to success in both of them is the architecture for integrating data from the RFID hardware layer with a multitude of Enterprise Systems.

Limitations and constraints in control of Readers and other Automation Systems are also preventing Early Adopters from gaining process improvements while throwing into question assumptions behind achieving those potential improvements. Given the lack of standards and the proliferation of vendor and system-specific APIs, Enterprises are only now waking up to the complexity and heterogeneity across vendors in providing these capabilities. Manageability issues are likely to result in high operational costs. Specifically the lack of synergies in the way Enterprises have traditionally managed hardware and network infrastructure is resulting in a increase in total cost of ownership for these Enterprises in the form of new skills-sets and management tools.

There is a consensus in the industry that unlike Wireless Local Area Networking, RF planning for the Reader Network requires an understanding of the physics of RFID, interference issues, anticollision issues and vendor product strategies for overcoming them. Building in-house competencies to plan, monitor and manage the Reader Network from a RF Performance standpoint is an area where most early adopters are under-prepared.

The Case for RFID Architecture Strategy

The need for a RFID Architecture Strategy

RFID is clearly a disruptive technology. But to ensure that enterprises realize its potential optimally, it is important that they understand the multi-dimensional impact that such disruptive technologies have on the enterprise. A critical element of this is to have an RFID Architecture strategy.

Different layers within the Enterprise are likely to be impacted differently. It is important for all parts of the Enterprise to develop a common understanding of what this impact is and what it means to existing investments. It is also important to help identify what new investments will be required to be made within the Enterprise. A key area of concern for Enterprises adopting disruptive technologies is the Total Cost of Ownership. By clearly understanding the impact on existing investments and by evolving a holistic view of new investments, Enterprises will be able to better manage the TCO by future proofing investments and putting in place the right architecture for new investments. A key element of any RFID Architecture Strategy ought to be an enterprise-wide Reference Model. Any RFID Architecture Strategy must also address the issue of how RFID Business Vision will be translated into RFID Applications and an Integration Architecture for implementing these Applications.

Infosys Views on RFID Architecture Strategy

Infosys believes that current approaches to RFID Integration generally suffer from many deficiencies, ranging from a point solution approach to confusing RFID with EAI. Adopting traditional enterprise architecture design approaches to RFID run the risk of failure on account of not recognizing the true nature of RFID Integration. RFID Integration is about Real Time Asynchronous Event Handling and Real Time State-based decision making. RFID Integration calls for an architecture design paradigm that reflects this. As illustrated earlier, extending traditional EAI Products to support RFID or building Point Solution extensions to traditional Enterprise applications like Warehouse Management Systems will simply not achieve the desired results.

The RFID Architecture Strategy should enable Enterprises to take a holistic view of the impact of the RFID Business Vision on their Enterprise. The RFID Architecture Strategy should enable Enterprises to create a platform that will help realize the RFID Business Vision through Value Creating RFID Applications deployed in a Low Total Cost of Ownership Environment that is flexible, extensible and future proof.

To assess the complexity of implementing RFID and the impact on existing systems and infrastructure Infosys has evolved a 7 Layer Reference Model for RFID that can be the basis for Business and IT to share a common understanding and vision of a RFID enabled Enterprise. This model provides a layered view of the technology, infrastructure and process elements that constitute a RFID implementation within an enterprise. Drawing upon its experience in developing Real Time Asynchronous State Event Handling Solutions in the Telecom and Networking world, Infosys has evolved a robust Functional Model and Reference Architecture for designing and integrating Enterprise scale RFID Applications.

The 7 Layer Reference Model, together with the Functional Model and the Reference Architecture provide a robust foundation for any RFID Architecture Strategy by:

• Deconstructing the complexity of RFID by providing a layered view
• Identifying the impact of RFID on existing layers within the Enterprise
• Identifying new layers to be implemented by the Enterprise
• Providing a framework to analyze RFID Business Requirements to articulate RFID Application Requirements.
• Providing a framework to design RFID Application Scenarios within the Event Management Layer
• Providing a Reference Architecture to demonstrate how RFID Events of Business Significance are integrated with Enterprise Systems

The above concepts are illustrated in the following 3 diagrams.

Infosys Model for a Pre-RFID Enterprise

Impact of RFID on the Enterprise

The Infosys 7 Layer Model for an RFID-enabled enterprise

About the Author:

Shashi Shekhar Vempati is a Principal Architect at Infosys and is leading the RFID Solution Strategy and Development. Shashi participates in EPCGlobal Inc. RFID/EPC Standards Working Groups and other RFID bodies like UCLA's WinMEC. He is one of the organization's leading experts on RFID, Wireless and Pervasive Computing. As an RFID Thought Leader at Infosys, Shashi has conducted over 20 one-day Executive workshops on RFID Value Assessment and an Executive RFID Summit for North American Railroads. Shashi is also the author of the Infosys Logical Reference Model for RFID Applications and the Infosys Logical Reference Architecture for RFID. Shashi is also an expert on RFID Middleware Strategies and has presented on this topic at the UCLA WINMEC 2004 Conference.

During his stint at Infosys, Shashi has brought leading edge technology strategies and solutions to companies worldwide. He has worked with Hallmark Cards, Sysco Foods, Southern California Edison, Nortel Networks, SES ASTRA Luxembourg, Proximus Mobile Belgium, Telstra Australia and LVMH Japan. He is a frequent technology spokesperson and has presented at various technology conferences like the Enterprise Wireless Forum Boston, The Catalyst - Burton Group San Francisco and the Utility Forum's MobileExpo. Shashi was also responsible for incubating OnMobile Systems Inc, a wireless technology spin-off from Infosys. Shashi attended the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, India, where he studied Engineering.

Intended Audience

This document is intended for CIOs, VPs, Senior Directors, Technology Strategists seeking to formulate a RFID Architecture Strategy

About Infosys Technologies Ltd. (NASDAQ: INFY)

Infosys (NASDAQ:INFY) defines, designs and delivers IT enabled business solutions. These provide you with strategic differentiation and operational superiority, thereby increasing your competitiveness. Each solution is delivered with the industry-benchmark Infosys Predictability that gives you peace of mind. With Infosys, you are assured of a transparent business partner, business-IT alignment with flexibility, worldclass processes, speed of execution and the power to stretch your IT budget by leveraging the Global Delivery Model that Infosys pioneered.

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